Big words

You use these words daily, but do you know their scientific meaning?

Image: Julia Koblitz

Science isn’t just for labs and textbooks; it’s all over our everyday language. Some of these words retain a hint of their scientific roots, such as virus or magnetic, while others have drifted into radically different meanings, like gravity or flow. Which of these 12 do you use?

Image: Fusion Medical Animation

According to science, a virus is any of a large group of submicroscopic infectious agents that are usually regarded as nonliving, extremely complex molecules. However, the word has made its way into the daily vernacular.

A computer virus is malicious software that spreads through a system, much like a biological virus. A viral video spreads across the internet in a similar way, echoing the behavior of a real virus.

Image: Evan Brorby

In science, pressure is the force applied over a surface area, measured in units such as Pascals or psi. However, that is not the sense in which the word is used in everyday language.

In daily conversation, pressure refers to stress or urgency, often caused by expectations or challenges. It captures the feeling of being pushed to act, usually under strain.

Image: Norbert Kowalczyk

In the realm of science, gravity is the force of attraction between objects with mass or energy. It keeps us on Earth and holds planets and galaxies together.

But, in everyday use, gravity often refers to seriousness or importance, as in "the gravity of the situation."

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When a scientist speaks about a reaction, it refers to a process in which substances interact and change, producing new materials through chemical transformation.

In everyday language, however, reaction means a response to something, like an event, comment, or situation, whether emotional, verbal, or physical.

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In the world of science, energy is the capacity to do work or cause change. It exists in many forms, such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and electrical.

In everyday use, energy often means liveliness or strength: the feeling of being active, alert, or full of life.

Image: Dan Meyers

In science, the word toxic is used to describe substances that are poisonous or hazardous to health. In a metaphorical context, however, toxic takes on a slightly different meaning.

In everyday talk, the word toxic refers to a person, relationship, or behavior that is harmful or unhealthy to others, rather than being used in the literal sense of poison.

Image: Dan Cristian Pădureț

In the scientific sense of the term, the word magnetic describes a property that causes certain materials, such as iron or steel, to attract or repel due to a magnetic field.

In everyday language, it refers to something or someone with a strong, captivating charm or influence, someone who naturally draws attention.

Image: 🇸🇮 Janko Ferlič

The scientific meaning of the word organic refers to carbon-based compounds that form the foundation of all living things.

In everyday use, it describes food or products made naturally, without synthetic chemicals or additives.

Image: Frédéric Paulussen

While in science, a meltdown is a serious nuclear accident where a reactor's core overheats and melts, risking radiation release; in everyday talk, it is something else.

In everyday language, it describes a sudden collapse or loss of control, like a system failure or an emotional breakdown.

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According to science, feedback occurs when a system's output loops back as input, affecting how it functions going forward.

In everyday use, it means giving someone helpful information about their actions or performance to support improvement.

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The scientific definition of a spectrum is a range that shows how light or radiation is distributed across different wavelengths or frequencies.

In everyday language, it refers to a broad range or continuous variety of things, like opinions or emotions. Somewhat similar to the scientific meaning, but not exactly the same.

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The word flow refers, in the scientific sense, to the steady movement of substances like liquids, gases, or electricity.

In everyday use, it describes a state of deep focus and ease during an activity, often called "being in the zone," where actions feel smooth and natural.

10 weird historical events that no one has been able to explain (yet)

Image: Walters Art Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Who doesn't like a good mystery? And if the mystery isn’t a work of fiction but the result of a true story, even better! The great unsolved enigmas of history are absolutely fascinating. Some have been solved over time, but there are still many old secrets for which neither scientists nor historians have found an explanation—yet. Time-travel with us as we uncover 10 of the biggest historical mysteries that will probably never be cracked!

Image: Tanner, Henry S., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Bermeja Island is mentioned in navigation texts written by European travelers and appears in cartography from the 16th to 19th centuries. Old maps place it off the north coast of the Yucatán Peninsula; however, multiple searches over the years have yielded no concrete evidence of its existence.

So, what happened to Isla Bermeja? Was it a cartographic error? Did it sink due to a tidal wave? Because of its geopolitical significance, some have even suggested that it was blown up by the CIA! A 2009 study by the Autonomous University of Mexico concluded that Isla Bermeja does not exist today, nor were any traces found at its supposed coordinates. Yet, it will forever remain a mystery that will surely keep many entertained.

Image: Credit: Big Ear Radio Observatory and North American AstroPhysical Observatory (NAAPO)., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In 1977, Ohio State University’s Big Ear radio telescope, used in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, detected a signal now known as the Wow! signal. While reviewing the data, astronomer Jerry R. Ehman noticed a sequence represented as "6EQUJ5." Baffled by the anomaly, he circled it and wrote "Wow!" in the margins.

The signal lasted 72 seconds and, unfortunately, has never been repeated. To this day, no one can fully explain the phenomenon, although some suggest it may have come from a man-made source. Still, the Wow! signal remains one of the strongest candidates for potential extraterrestrial contact ever detected.

Image: Edward S. Curtis, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

How is it possible for an entire village to vanish without a trace? Believe it or not, this is said to have happened nearly a century ago. According to lore, a small Inuit village in Canada was well known among fur trappers who visited regularly to trade. But in 1930, something very strange supposedly occurred.

A hunter named Joe Labelle claimed he visited the village one day and couldn’t find a single person. Reports said there were guns and food left behind, and even claims that the graves in the cemetery were empty. A thorough investigation, however, found no conclusive evidence of what happened to the villagers. Some witnesses from nearby towns even reported seeing a huge green light. Theories ranged from mass migration to extraterrestrial abductions. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police has since dismissed the case as an urban legend. Some still believe the story to be true.

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We know thousands of shipwreck stories, but this one is quite unique. The MV Joyita, designed to be nearly unsinkable, was found adrift in the South Pacific, practically unharmed, but the crew had disappeared completely.

In October 1955, the American merchant vessel left the port of Apia in Samoa with 16 crew members and 9 passengers bound for the Tokelau Islands. After days without news, a rescue mission was launched. Five weeks later, the Joyita was spotted more than 600 miles west of its intended route. The vessel was partially submerged, and there was no sign of the passengers or crew. Four tons of cargo and all three life rafts were missing. They were never seen again.

Image: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Do you know where one of the best-preserved mummies was found? Hint: not in Egypt. Xin Zhui, the Marquise of Dai during the Western Han Dynasty in China, was discovered in her tomb at Mawangdui 2,000 years after her death, along with hundreds of valuable documents and artifacts.

What makes this mummy so extraordinary is how well-preserved her body is. Her organs and veins remain intact, and she still has hair and even eyelashes. Scientists analyzed the fluid present in the coffin and discovered it was acidic and contained salt and magnesium. They believe this mysterious liquid may have been responsible for preserving Xin Zhui so well. What they don’t know is whether it was intentionally poured into the coffin or came from the body itself.

Image: Yoichi Okamoto, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The United States has its fair share of presidents who died while in office, but none of our 45 presidents have ever disappeared without a trace. Did you know that this actually happened in The Land Down Under?

Harold Edward Holt was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 until his presumed death in 1967. He loved the ocean and spearfishing. During a weekend trip with friends, Holt visited the remote Cheviot Beach to take a swim. Rough sea conditions that day caused him to be swept away by the waves, and he never reappeared. Despite an intensive search, his body was never found, which has given rise to numerous conspiracy theories. Ironically, Australians built the Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Centre in Melbourne in his honor.

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Many famous criminals have managed to remain unidentified for decades, but the D.B. Cooper case is something else entirely. In 1971, Cooper boarded a flight from Portland to Seattle. Shortly after takeoff, he showed a flight attendant a device he claimed was a bomb and demanded four parachutes and $200,000 in cash.

The crew landed to meet Cooper’s demands in exchange for the passengers and then took off again. As the plane flew over southwestern Washington, Cooper jumped into the cold, rainy night carrying his haul. His whereabouts and true identity were never discovered, although it is likely he didn’t survive the jump. In 1980, some of the ransom money was found near the Columbia River. Although the FBI officially closed the case in 2016, amateur sleuths continue to try to crack it.

Image: Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Can you imagine an epidemic where the main symptom is uncontrollable dancing? Sounds like science fiction, doesn’t it? Yet this really happened during the Middle Ages. In 1518, a dancing plague struck Strasbourg, Alsace, in what is now France. This strange condition affected up to 400 people, making them dance frantically for weeks. It is said that some even died of heart attacks, exhaustion, or strokes.

Doctors and authorities tried all kinds of measures to stop the spread. They even banned music for a while! To this day, scientists are not certain what caused this bizarre condition: it may have been food poisoning from toxins in the ergot fungus, or perhaps a case of stress-induced mass hysteria.

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The Voynich manuscript is a codex written roughly 500 years ago in an unknown language and writing system by an anonymous author. Known as Voynichese, the manuscript was named after Wilfrid Voynich, a Polish bibliophile and antiquarian who purchased it in 1912.

Radiocarbon testing has shown that it dates to the early 15th century. Many cryptographers and codebreakers have attempted to decipher its roughly 240 pages without success. The manuscript contains diagrams and illustrations of unknown plants and astrological symbols. Some believe it may be a made-up language, a secret code, a work of fiction, or even a hoax. If you think you can solve this mystery, the Voynich manuscript is available for viewing at Yale University’s Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

Image: Bernhard

Similar to the Voynich manuscript, the Phaistos Disc is a fired clay disc believed to have been created during the Bronze Age. It was discovered by an Italian archaeologist in the basement of a palace in Crete, Greece, in 1908.

What makes this disc fascinating is that it contains a mysterious message. Stamped into the clay is a set of signs, forming a text that many scientists have tried to decipher—without success. It is considered an early attempt at printing, a technological innovation that would not become widespread for several centuries. While enthusiasts still hope the enigma can be solved, this is unlikely unless other documents are discovered to provide context.