Stock up on short words

"Cwm" is not a typo: Three-letter words you didn't know existed

Need a few tricks up your sleeve for playing Scrabble? It’s not always the long words that will impress the other players: Sometimes it’s the surprisingly short combination of letters that none of them knew. Have you ever heard of unassuming three-letter words like "cwm" or "zax"? Those aren’t typos! Let’s explore some of the most obscure –yet perfectly valid– three-letter words.

Before you ask: it’s pronounced "koom". If you run out of vowels in your Scrabble set, this might save you. It refers to a deep, steep-walled valley, often carved by glaciers.

The term comes from Welsh, where it simply means "valley." Many places in Wales proudly bear the name, such as Cwmbran, a town in South Wales, or Cwmtwrch, a village with a name that translates to "Valley of the Wild Boar."

A "zax" is a tool used for cutting or trimming roof slates with precision. The word shares linguistic roots with seax, an Old English word for a short sword or knife.

Plus, in Scrabble, the mighty "Z" (10 points!) paired with "A" (1 point) and "X" (8 points) makes this one of the highest-scoring three-letter words you can play!

No, it’s not a mythical sea creature. "Voe" refers to a small bay or narrow creek that extends inland from the sea. These sheltered inlets are particularly found in Scotland, where they provided safe harbor for fishermen and sailors for centuries.

Some of these sailors were Vikings who once ruled the territory, and who called these bays with the Old Norse word vágr (bay or inlet.)

If you ever see a rowdy, loudmouthed troublemaker being kicked out of a bar in Britain, you might hear someone call them a "yob."

Here’s the funny part: There’s no Old English etymology involved. It’s just "boy" spelled backwards (a bit of Cockney slang trickery).

A very specific noun, but a valid one. A "pyx" is the container used in churches to hold consecrated bread.

The term comes from Latin pyxis, meaning "small box," which in turn derives from the Greek pyxos, a type of boxwood tree. Those three letters combined would earn you at least 15 points!

Have you ever seen the interior of a rock lined with dazzling, beautiful crystals? You might have been looking at a vug.

It’s a small cavity inside a rock that often exposes these pockets of hidden treasures, like quartz, amethyst, or more exotic gems. The word vug comes from the Cornish language, where vooga meant "cave" or "hollow."

Sure, playing "OK" is useful, but have you tried "Oka"? It’s a type of cheese from Canada, and also a historical unit of weight used in Turkey.

The cheese is named after the village of Oka in Quebec, where Trappist monks started making it in the late 19th century.

Gox might sound like the name of some sci-fi character. But it’s just a short abbreviation to refer to "gaseous oxygen."

"O₂" is the more common way to represent it, but "gox" is sometimes used by those in scientific and industrial contexts.

To be fair, you could pluralize any two-letter word by adding an S. "Xis" (the plural of the 14th Greek letter Ξ ξ) is no exception.

Just so you know, "xi" is not the translation of our "X," as you might think. What we call an "X," the Greek would call a "chi."

"Ait" is mostly used in Britain to describe little landmasses that pop up in waterways, like those dotting the Thames.

The word (sometimes spelled eyot) comes from Old English iegoth, meaning "small island." Though it’s not common in everyday speech, you’ll still find it in place names and historical writings.

Before they fully mature, newts crawl on land: this is when we call them efts. These tiny, bright-colored amphibians can be found around damp forests, looking like pocket-sized dragons.

The word eft has been around for centuries, coming from Old English efeta, which evolved to ewt, and ultimately to newt.

The gnu (pronounced "new" or "guh-noo") is better known as the wildebeest, that sturdy African antelope famous for its dramatic migrations across the Serengeti.

The word gnu comes from the Khoisan languages of southern Africa and was first recorded by European explorers in the 18th century. The alternative name wildebeest is the Dutch word for "wild beast," of course.

"Nix" means to reject, cancel, or put an end to something. The word comes from the German nichts, meaning "nothing."

It entered American English in the 19th century, likely through German immigrants. Over time, it became a snappy, no-nonsense way to say "no."

An "ulu" is a traditional Inuit knife with a characteristic curved blade, perfect for chopping, skinning, or even cutting a child's hair (yes, really).

The name comes from the Inuktitut word ᐅᓗ (ulu), which roughly translates to "woman’s knife"

because it was traditionally used by Inuit women for household and hunting tasks.

Did you know any of these?

Lima 9 Quebec! Discover NATO phonetics and their purpose

While most people have never heard of the NATO phonetic alphabet, they have likely encountered it in use, at least in movies and television. If you can recall a scene where a pilot says something like "Alpha," "Bravo," and "Charlie" over the radio, then you have heard the NATO phonetic alphabet at work. It is a system designed to ensure letters are clearly understood, even over crackly or noisy connections. It's been around since the 1950s, but its roots go back even further. Take a look at some interesting and cool facts about it!

Simply put, a spelling alphabet helps clarify letters and numbers in messages, since many of them sound alike—like B and P, or M and N.

This is especially useful when static or interference affects radio or phone communication. For example, "DH98" would be said as "Delta-Hotel-Niner-Ait" to avoid confusion.

The following is the complete current NATO phonetic alphabet: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, and Zulu.

Each word starts with the letter that it represents, and the words were selected to be easily understood by speakers of many different languages.

The original International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet, the predecessor to the NATO phonetic alphabet, was officially adopted on November 1, 1951, and became effective for civil aviation on April 1, 1952.

However, issues soon arose. Words like Delta and Extra, or Nectar and Victor, sometimes caused confusion, especially in poor radio conditions.

To be included in the NATO phonetic alphabet, a word had to be a "live," or commonly used, word in English, French, and Spanish—the three working languages of the ICAO, which developed the system before NATO adopted it.

This rule helped ensure that the words were easily recognized and understood across different cultures and languages, improving international communication and reducing confusion.

The ICAO required each word to be easy to pronounce and recognize by speakers of many different languages.

This helped ensure clear communication between pilots and air traffic controllers worldwide, reducing the risk of misunderstandings.

Another criterion for inclusion in the NATO phonetic alphabet was that a word had to be clearly transmissible over the radio and easy to understand.

This helped minimize confusion caused by static, poor signals, or accents, making communication in aviation safer and more reliable.

Each word in the NATO phonetic alphabet had to begin with the letter it represented and be easily recognizable across several major languages, including English, French, and Spanish.

This made the alphabet easier to learn and understand internationally, ensuring consistency and clarity in communication.

Words in the NATO phonetic alphabet had to be free of any offensive or inappropriate meanings in any of the major languages.

This helped ensure that the words could be used safely and respectfully across different cultures and regions without causing misunderstandings or offense.

NATO changed the spelling of "X-ray" to "Xray" early on to make sure it was pronounced as a single word.

The ease of pronunciation goes hand in hand with another crucial aspect: there can be no other meaning interpretations.

Two words in the NATO phonetic alphabet use non-standard English spellings: "Alfa" and "Juliett."

"Alfa" avoids the "ph" to ensure correct pronunciation by non-English speakers. "Juliett" includes a second "t" so French speakers don't mistakenly drop the final sound.