Making up language

Words that were invented by fiction writers, and now we all use them

Image: yeonhee

Sometimes, preexisting words just don’t cut it for writers. So they invent new ones. That was the case for terms like utopia, robot, and nerd. Whether they grew to be used in philosophical texts or on playgrounds, they have certainly entered our vocabulary. Let’s take a look at 11 examples!

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The word has been many things, from a schoolyard insult to a badge of honor for having certain interests. It first appeared in Dr. Seuss’s 1950 book If I Ran the Zoo, where a strange creature called a "Nerd" appears among other fanciful beasts.

Seuss didn’t define it as brainy or awkward, but within a few years, the word was popping up in slang to describe socially inept people or bookworms.

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Today, when we say "cyberspace," we mean the intangible digital world we enter when we go online. But the word was coined by sci-fi writer William Gibson in his 1982 short story Burning Chrome.

Gibson later famously described cyberspace as a "consensual hallucination" shared by billions of connected users. The term predates the World Wide Web by nearly a decade, yet it foresaw the immersive, sometimes overwhelming, reality of living digitally.

Image: Markus Winkler

Today, when we say we have "debunked" a myth, we mean that we have exposed it as false. The word itself, however, originated as a literary invention in 1923, coined by American writer William E. Woodward in his book Bunk.

Woodward used debunk to mean stripping nonsense, or "bunk" of its dignity, a definition that closely aligns with how the word is still used today.

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Today, we picture robots as everything from Roombas to humanoid androids, but the word itself dates back to a 1920 Czech play, R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek.

The term comes from robota, meaning "forced labor" or "drudgery." In the play, however, the "robots" were not mechanical but biological constructs, closer to what we might now call clones. Both the term and the concept spread quickly across Europe and the United States, reaching the vocabulary of more and more writers.

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When we say something is "utopic," we mean it’s impossibly ideal. The term "utopia" was coined by Sir Thomas More in his 1516 book Utopia, where he described an imaginary island society with perfect laws, harmony, and equality.

But the trick was in the name: in Greek, ou-topos means "no place" while eu-topos means "good place." The word took off quickly, giving us not only "utopia" but also its darker twin, "dystopia," which would dominate much of modern literature.

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Few words sound as delightful as what they mean, and "serendipity" is one of them. It refers to a happy accident, a lucky discovery made while looking for something else.

The term was coined in 1754 by Horace Walpole, a British writer and politician, inspired by a Persian fairy tale titled The Three Princes of Serendip. In the story, the princes are constantly making discoveries "by accident and sagacity."

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Fans of Harry Potter know Lumos as the spell that lights the tip of a wand. J. K. Rowling coined the word by drawing on Latin roots, such as lumen, meaning "light."

"Lumos" has since slipped into everyday use to the point that some smartphone voice assistants recognize it as a command to turn on a device’s flashlight.

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The word hobbit instantly evokes images of small, hairy-footed inhabitants of the Shire, thanks to J. R. R. Tolkien. A trained philologist with a deep fascination for languages, Tolkien coined numerous terms, including hobbit and mithril, that have since entered popular culture.

The word became widely recognized even beyond The Lord of the Rings fan base. While hobbit originally referred to a fictional race in Tolkien’s legendarium, it is now sometimes used informally to evoke something small, cozy, or diminutive in character.

Image: Gaelle Marcel

Today, we use tween to describe the awkward stage between childhood and adolescence, typically covering ages 9 to 12. The word itself, however, traces back to J. R. R. Tolkien, who first introduced the idea of "tweens."

In The Fellowship of the Ring, hobbits in their "tweens" were those between 20 and 33; no longer teenagers, but not yet considered fully adult in hobbit society. Marketers later borrowed the catchy term to describe human preteens, and it stuck.

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The word "gossip" feels inseparable from modern life. Yet it began as the Old English term godsibb, meaning a "godparent" or a close, trusted companion. It was Geoffrey Chaucer, in The Canterbury Tales, who helped nudge the meaning toward talk and chatter.

Over time, the term drifted further, shifting from "companion" to "idle talk" and, eventually, to its modern association with rumor and speculation.

Image: Sarah Kilian

We all know what it means to be a butterfingers: clumsy, prone to dropping things, with hands seemingly as slippery as if coated in butter. This playful insult is often credited to Charles Dickens, who used it in his novel The Pickwick Papers to mock a character’s poor grip on objects.

Corporate jargon rules

Do you speak office? Corporate buzzwords that are simpler than they sound

How well can you recognize office jargon? These words pop up in meetings, emails, and in business contexts. They are meant to make work conversations quicker, though sometimes, let's be honest, they make them sound more complicated than their actual meaning. Keep reading and see how familiar you are with office jargon.

What is your core competency? It is something you do particularly well at work. If you list customer service as a core competency on your resume, you are saying that it is one of your strongest skills and part of what makes you valuable to an employer.

A core competency often helps you stand out from others because it is difficult to replicate and contributes to a company’s success. It might help the business improve its performance, serve customers more effectively, or expand into new markets.

"Let’s touch base about this project tomorrow" usually means, "Let’s briefly discuss it." In business, people use this phrase when they want to reconnect, check in, or get an update on a specific topic.

The expression comes from baseball, where a player must literally touch a base to be safe or score a run. Over the years, people began using it as a metaphor for reconnecting. In the professional world, it often means sharing quick updates and making sure everyone is on the same page.

Imagine you bring up a problem during a work meeting, and your supervisor says, "Good point. We’ll circle back to this later." The meeting moves on, and the issue is not forgotten, even though it is not mentioned again.

In corporate language, "circle back" means returning to a topic at another time. It allows people to pause a discussion without dropping it entirely. The phrase comes from moving in a circle and returning to where you started, like completing a lap, becoming common in office jargon during the 1970s.

Imagine your team is stuck on the same old solution, and your manager says, "We need to think outside the box." What does he mean? He’s encouraging the team to look for a more creative or unexpected way to solve the problem. Sometimes, ordinary procedures don’t always yield the best results.

The phrase comes from the Nine-Dot Puzzle game, where you must connect all nine dots with four straight lines. The trick is to draw beyond the imaginary box around the dots instead of staying inside it.

Synergy happens when two people, teams, or organizations work together and achieve a better result than they could separately. It's usually represented as 1+1 = 3; in other words, the combined effect is greater than the sum of its parts. The word comes from the Greek synergia, meaning "working together." And, in business, it is often used to make teamwork sound more strategic.

When a company tries ten small ideas, but only one actually increases sales, that one idea "moves the needle." The phrase is a way of saying something made a real, noticeable difference, compared to the other ideas trying to cause a similar effect.

The expression comes from old measuring tools, like speedometers and fuel gauges, where the needle moves when the speed, fuel level, or another measurement changes. It entered office slang in the 80s as a corporate shorthand for actions that produce clear, effective results.

If a team wants quick wins, it may start with the "low-hanging fruit." These are the simple opportunities that require less effort and are usually the easiest tasks to finish first. A "low-hanging fruit" example could be calling back customers who already showed interest compared with finding brand-new customers. Before becoming an everyday term for the office, this expression referred to fruit growing on the lowest branches of a tree, which is the easiest to reach and pick without a ladder or much effort.

If a coworker says, "I don’t have the bandwidth for that," they are probably not talking about Wi-Fi. In office language, bandwidth means time, energy, or mental capacity. In other words, it’s a polite way of saying, "I’m already too busy; I won't handle that new task." This way, we compare the computer capacity to handle data as a metaphor for the mental capacity humans have.

The phrase is easy to guess once you hear it. If a manager asks for a "deep dive" into falling sales, they are asking for more than a glance. They want a detailed look at the numbers, causes, and possible solutions, a complete analysis of the situation. Such as diving, yes, but without the water fun part.

Ever heard someone say, "Let’s take it offline"? In a meeting, it usually means the topic should wait. The group can move on, and the issue can be discussed later, privately, or outside the main conversation. In computer science, "offline" is used for processing data or tasks separate from the main active network.