IMPRESS IN BRUTALIST FASHION

Go For An Urban Safari With These 12 Architectural Terms

Image: Ricardo Gomez Angel

The realm of architecture is riddled with idioms that describe styles, technical features, concepts, and a million more things that make this ancient combination of art and science what it is.

Knowing a few of these terms can certainly be useful for impressing people in casual conversation but it can also prove valuable in understanding some of the key aspects of architecture. From gables to fenestrations, from Gothic to Brutalist architecture, the myriad of words in this discipline can confuse almost everyone. So, read on and learn about some of them.

Image: Zibik

Derived from the Italian word balaustro, meaning "wild pomegranate flower", the baluster stands as a vertical pillar, typically slender and often intricately adorned, supporting railings along staircases, balconies, or terraces.

These architectural elements showcase both functionality and aesthetic finesse, adding a touch of elegance to structures. Serving as guardians of safety, balusters seamlessly blend form and function, illustrating the nuanced language that architects use to craft the spaces we inhabit.

Image: Michael Elliott

Coming from the Old French word finir, meaning "to finish", the finial is a crowning jewel, a decorative ornament that graces the summits of structures, be they spires, gables, or sometimes even furniture.

With origins deeply rooted in medieval architecture, finials evolved from functional elements to exquisite expressions of craftsmanship. These sculpted finales, akin to miniature sculptures, punctuate the skyline and rooflines, completing architectural narratives with flair.

Image: Chuttersnap

The term "cornice" comes as a defining feature, gracing buildings with a touch of grandeur. Originating from the Italian word cornice, meaning ledge, this architectural flourish sits proudly at the meeting point of walls and roofs, marking the transition from structure to sky.

Serving both functional and aesthetic purposes, cornices act as protective overhangs, shielding edifices from the elements while bestowing a visual exclamation point to their design. From the ornate cornices adorning historic buildings to the sleek, modern iterations of contemporary architecture, these elevated ledges narrate the tales of different eras and styles.

Image: Ries Bosch

A word derived from the Middle Frenchdormeor, meaning "sleeping room", dormers are akin to architectural eyelids, projecting windows vertically from a sloping roof. These structures not only invite natural light into attics and upper spaces but also introduce a captivating aesthetic rhythm to the roofline.

Dormers have adapted to various styles from Gothic to Colonial, each time giving spaces a sense of character and uniqueness.

Image: Ricardo Gomez Angel

The term "cantilever" expresses a sort of defiance of gravity, a structural marvel that challenges conventional supports. Derived from the medieval Latin word cantileverium, meaning a "bracket" or "beam", cantilevers extend boldly from a building's main structure, seemingly suspended in mid-air.

These architectural marvels appear in everything from daring modern residences to iconic skyscrapers. Cantilevers not only push the boundaries of design but also serve practical purposes, creating overhangs, balconies, or awe-inspiring architectural feats.

Image: Sara Sadehloo

Rooted in the ancient Greek word konops, meaning a covering or mosquito net, canopies are architectural appendages that transcend mere utility. These overhead structures, be they stretched over entrances, walkways, or outdoor spaces, offer protection from the elements while bestowing an aesthetic flourish.

From the intricate designs adorning historical structures to the sleek, modern lines of contemporary designs, canopies dually serve as functional guardians and artistic statements.

Image: David Taljat

An arcade is a series of contiguous arches supported by columns or other vertical elements. It comes from the Italian word arcata which means, quite literally, "arch". These successions of arches, often forming covered walkways or open galleries, can be seen in both ancient structures and modern urban landscapes.

Whether framing crowded shopping malls or adorning historical buildings, arcades seamlessly blend aesthetic charm with functional allure.

Image: Joseph Corl

Gables adorn roofs with a distinct silhouette that speaks to architectural heritage. Derived from the Old Frenchgable or gabulum, meaning "end of a building", a gable is the triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof.

Whether gracing the facades of historic cottages or modern structures, gables add a touch of elegance and visual interest to the skyline. These peaked beauties, often embellished with decorative elements, symbolize the meeting point of form and function.

Image: Nathan Cima

A quite elegant word in itself, an "architrave" is an element that graces the transitions between columns and structures. Derived from the Greek words archi, meaning "chief", and trabe, meaning "beam", the architrave serves as the principal beam resting atop columns, forming an essential part of classical architectural orders.

This horizontal member, though often understated, bears the weight of the entablature, symbolizing the subtle elegance that defines architectural cohesion. Whether in ancient temples or contemporary buildings, architraves showcase a marriage of function and aesthetics, illustrating the enduring influence of classical principles in shaping our built environments.

Image: J. M Read

A "buttress" is a steadfast guardian, supporting structures with a blend of strength and purpose. Derived from the Old French word bouteresse, meaning a prop or support, a buttress is an external architectural feature designed to counteract the lateral thrust exerted by a building, particularly in the case of large or Gothic structures.

These architectural reinforcements come in various forms, from flying buttresses gracefully spanning cathedral walls to massive earthbound counterparts.

Image: Scott Webb

In the world of architecture, "cladding" unveils itself as the outer skin, a protective and aesthetic layer that dresses buildings in a myriad of materials. Rooted in the Middle English word "clad," meaning clothed, cladding is the art of enveloping structures to shield them from the elements while shaping their visual identity.

Whether manifesting as sleek glass panels on modern skyscrapers or rustic stone on historic structures, cladding reflects the character and purpose of a building.

Image: Kenrick Baksh

"Fenestration" is the art of placement and design of windows and other openings in a building's facade. Coming from the Latin word fenestra, meaning "window", fenestration goes beyond mere openings, including the arrangement, size, and style of windows to shape the visual and functional aspects of a structure.

Whether framing panoramic views in contemporary skyscrapers or punctuating historical buildings with rhythmic precision, fenestration is the orchestration of light, ventilation, and aesthetics.

Oops!

Your playlist is full of grammar mistakes (and you didn’t notice!)

Image: Jamakassi

Can bad grammar make a good song? We all have that one tune that makes us sing at the top of our lungs the moment we hear the first note. But even the best songs can have a few mistakes! Of course, that doesn’t stop us from enjoying them, but here are 10 popular songs that have some surprising grammatical errors. Can you spot them? Let’s find out!

Image: Beatriz Kim

We know it’s impossible not to shout, "Hey, teacher!" even if you actually liked school. But here’s the thing: In "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2," Pink Floyd sings, "We don’t need no education." This is a classic double negative. "Don’t" already does the job, so it should be "We don’t need any education." Grammatically correct, yes, but definitely not as catchy.

Image: Uncredited photographer for the Jambalaya, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

With his incredible voice and timeless hits, we can’t blame James Brown for grammar. Still, the little slip in "I Got You (I Feel Good)" could’ve been avoided. To be perfectly proper, the verb "feel" needs an adverb ("well"), not an adjective ("good"). But does it really matter when it sounds that amazing?

Image: Vale Arellano

While the guys from The Rolling Stones are musical geniuses, grammar isn’t exactly their top priority. And that’s okay, because they gave us many classics, like: "(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction." As you may have noticed, this case is very similar to Pink Floyd’s, with the double negative once again taking center stage in this grammatical slip-up.

Image: Sussex Records, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Of course, poetic intent played a big role in Bill Withers’ choice of words when he sang, "Ain’t no sunshine when she’s gone…" But it seems double negatives are a recurring crime in the world of song lyrics. The contraction "ain’t" already carries the negation, which is repeated in the words that follow: "no sunshine."

Image: Mink Mingle

Okay, when singing this song, we don’t notice the mistake because it only becomes obvious when reading it. But Paul Young’s "Everytime You Go Away" has a clear error. "Everytime" isn’t actually a word, though perhaps they removed the space between "every" and "time" to make the title four words instead of five.

Image: See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Bob Dylan may have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, but he slipped up in "Lay Lady Lay." To "lay" means to put something down gently or carefully, and it is a transitive verb, which usually requires a direct object, for example, "I lay the notebook on the table." In contrast, "lie" means to rest or recline and is an intransitive verb, so it only requires a subject—for example, "I lie down every afternoon." Since the girl in Dylan’s song is probably reclining by herself, the verb he chose isn’t technically correct.

Image: Simon Weisser

The history of music wouldn’t be the same without the brilliance of The Police. But even legends slip up sometimes. Take their line, "Everything she do just turns me on." As we know, with a third-person singular subject like "she," the verb should be "does," not "do."

Image: Lorie Shaull from St Paul, United States, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

We’re still trying to understand why Gwen Stefani sings, "If I was a rich girl..." In English, conditional sentences about hypothetical situations call for the subjunctive mood, which uses "were" with all subjects. And since her song is based on Fiddler on the Roof’s "If I Were a Rich Man," we know she had the correct example. Plus, singing "were" wouldn’t even mess up the rhythm. We need answers, Gwen!

Image: De an Sun

The ’90s weren’t just a decade; they were a feeling, and many will remember Paula Cole’s 1996 song "I Don’t Want to Wait." She sings, "Say a little prayer for I." Beautiful? Yes. Grammatically correct? No. "I" is a subject (performing the action), but here she needed "me" as the object (receiving the action). Still, we’ll forgive it for the sake of the rhyme.

Image: Bradley Menyhert

It only takes a few seconds of Ray Parker Jr.’s "Ghostbusters" to bring back the glory of the ’80s. But in the line "Who you gonna call?" there’s a tiny slip. Technically, it should be "Whom," since it’s the object (receiving the call), not the subject. In any case, we must admit that Ray Parker Jr.’s way of saying it is quite common.