From fact to fiction

Don't do this! 10 popular myths busted by science

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Some claim that humans only use 10% of our brains, others say that eating turkey makes you sleepy, and everyone has heard the supposed remedy for a jellyfish sting. Like these, there are many well-known myths we frequently repeat without giving them much thought. Fortunately, science has taken the time to put these ideas to the test to see if they are true: it turned out that they were not! Join us to discover these 10 popular myths that science has debunked.

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For centuries, both children's tales and cartoons have depicted the idea that cheese and mice are inseparable. However, science has revealed that mice don’t have a particular preference for cheese over other types of food. Although this is a common stereotype, mice are more drawn to foods high in sugar, such as candy or fruit.

Now you know—next time you’re setting a mouse trap, you might want to bait it with a Snickers bar instead of a piece of cheese.

Image: Claudio Schwarz

There is a famous myth going around that claims eating turkey can make you sleepy. However, this is not exactly the case. The myth arises because turkey contains tryptophan, an amino acid that helps the body produce serotonin and melatonin, essential for promoting sleep. However, the amount of tryptophan in turkey is not enough to make you drowsy. So, you can enjoy your turkey dinner without worrying about nodding off at the table!

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For years, it was widely believed that the Great Wall of China was the only human-made structure that could be seen from outer space with the naked eye. However, while we would all like it to be true, this claim is actually a myth.

It's a fact that the Great Wall is indeed very long, but it's also relatively narrow. That means that as we gain altitude, the Great Wall blends in with the surrounding natural landscape.

Image: Felix Mittermeier

A common myth claims that lightning never strikes the same place twice. This may be reassuring to many, but science—and nature itself—have proven otherwise. In fact, lightning can strike the same location multiple times, particularly if it’s a tall structure or an area containing water or metal.

The safest and most recommended thing to do during a lightning storm is to stay indoors.

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Goldfish are said to have a memory span of only a few seconds. This myth probably originated due to the repetitive behaviors observed in these fish. However, science has debunked this notion.

Through various experiments and research, it has been demonstrated that goldfish can remember multiple things for several weeks. For example, they can recognize the faces of their keepers, remember feeding schedules, and even associate certain stimuli with rewards.

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You're chilling, enjoying some chips, when suddenly—oops! One hits the floor. What do you do in that case? Do you follow the so-called "five-second rule"? According to this myth, if you drop food on the floor, it's safe to eat it if you pick it up within 5 seconds.

While we would like it to be right, science discourages this idea. The truth is, as soon as food hits the floor, any bacteria present can transfer to it instantly.

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A classic cartoon scene: the frightened ostrich burying its head in the ground. You've probably seen it, too, right? Although this is a common belief, ostriches never actually bury their heads.

This myth likely stems from the way ostriches care for their nests. These birds make a small hole in the ground and place their nests there to keep them safe. From a distance, when we see the ostrich sticking its head in the ground, it is actually taking care of its chicks!

Image: Giovanni Calia

This is one of the most widespread myths in the world, originating from bullfighting traditions. The myth claims that the color red makes bulls extremely angry, driving them into a mad rage. However, this isn’t true.

In reality, bulls can’t even perceive red—or many other colors—the same way humans do. Experts believe bulls react to the movement of the bullfighter’s cape, not its color.

Image: Jeffrey Hamilton

What should you do if you get stung by a jellyfish? Many of us instantly think of the myth that urinating on the sting will relieve the pain. Unfortunately, not only is this a myth, but it can actually make things worse!

If you're unlucky enough to be stung by a jellyfish, the best course of action is to rinse the affected area with vinegar to neutralize the venom. Be sure to avoid touching the sting with your bare hands to prevent further irritation or spreading the venom.

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As kids, many of us grew up hearing that dogs only see in black and white. Luckily for our pets, that's just a myth!

Dogs perceive colors in a way that's different from ours. While the human eye has three types of color receptors, dogs have only two. In other words, while we can see a broad spectrum of colors, dogs see a more limited range, similar to someone with red-green color blindness.

CHANCE, SIMPLE INSPIRATION OR STUBBORNNESS?

Discover 10 Successful Products Originally Invented For Other Purposes

Image: Isaac Weatherly

It seems that the inventors listed in this article took to heart the famous phrase of French chemist Antoine Lavoisier "Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed". Many of them were working on other things when chance had it that their creations found a different meaning.

Far from just discarding their research, they —or other visionaries later— used these technological advances to develop products we still use to this day. Did you know that the pacemaker, Coca-Cola, and the corkscrew originally had totally different purposes? Keep reading to discover the origin of these and 7 other inventions that came about while we were busy making other plans.

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Today, the pacemaker saves thousands of lives, but it was originally designed for a whole other purpose. Wilson Greatbatch was a prolific American inventor who held more than 300 patents. In 1956 he was working on an audio recorder that was meant to be placed in the heart to record its sounds. However, as he was building it, he misplaced a resistor. This caused his device to produce a pulse that would sync with the heartbeat instead of recording sounds.

Greatbatch realized that his invention was of little use as a sound recorder, yet it could be used to monitor the rhythm of a sick heart. He presented it to surgeon William Chardack in 1958, who, after testing it on dogs, developed the first pacemaker to be implanted in a human being in 1960.

Image: Kelly Sikkema

Have you noticed how Kleenex has gone from being a brand name to a generic term for any disposable tissue? These super-thin, soft paper rectangles are now a synonym for sniffles and sneezes. Even Oxford included the word in its dictionary! However, that was not what Kimberly-Clark, the company that originally created them, had in mind when it launched them in 1924.

Initially, the company promoted Kleenex as a skincare product, for cleansing makeup. Nevertheless, they soon began to receive letters from customers suggesting another type of application: they could be useful to alleviate the effects of colds and the flu. Finally, in 1930, the tissues were relaunched on the market with the slogan "Don't Carry a Cold in Your Pocket".

Image: Ron Lach

Whether it's to relieve tension or to secure a delicate object during a house move, we've all had bubble wrap in our homes at one time or another. Bubble wrap was invented by engineers Alfred W. Fielding and Marc Chavannes in 1957, but their original idea was very different from the use we give it today. What these two inventors really wanted was to create textured wallpaper.

At that time, wallpaper was very popular and they thought their concept would be a success, although it was far from it. Two years later, Frederick W. Bowers, a salesman promoting the failing bubble wrap, heard that IBM was looking for a way to pack their brand new, huge IBM 1401 computer to ship to their customers. Immediately, Bowers saw his opportunity and bubble wrap became the go-to packaging system for the tech pioneer and all the products to come.

Image: Mishaal Zahed

Nowadays, Listerine is one of the best-selling mouthwashes in the world. However, when the American chemist and doctor Joseph Lawrence, inspired by the research of Sir Joseph Lister, formulated the product in 1879, he did not imagine that it would end up being in the bathrooms of so many households.

Listerine was originally created as a surgical antiseptic and as a cure for gonorrhea. In 1888 an article recommended its application on sweaty feet to treat fungus. In the following years, it was marketed as a cure for colds, an additive for cigarettes, and a remedy for dandruff. It was not until the 1920s that the brand found its niche in the market: the battle against bad breath.

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The popular fast-drying adhesive known as Super Glue was invented by American engineer Harry Coover in 1942. Coover was working for the Kodak photographic company and was looking for a plastic material that would be highly translucent. He ended up inventing cyanoacrylate, a very promising compound but not quite adequate for what he needed.

This new material had a surprising property: it was liquid and sticky and, in contact with air, it solidified quickly. Coover perfected his invention for a while, but its first commercial use came several years later, during the Vietnam War: it was used to glue soldiers' bones together when fractures occurred. Eventually, the health authorities banned super glue as a sanitary product, although they did allow its domestic use to repair broken things.

Image: Zahraa Hassan

What is now the world's most famous soft drink was actually born as a substitute for morphine, and was later sold as a cure for various ailments: headaches, nerves, indigestion, and even impotence. Little did its creator suspect that, a century later, his invention would be known worldwide.

John Pemberton, a pharmacist and veteran of the American Civil War, had become addicted to morphine, a drug he took to relieve the pain caused by the wounds he had received. Concerned about his addiction, he started looking for an alternative. Thus, he created an alcoholic beverage infused with coca leaves that he called Pemberton's French Wine Coca. He began selling it in his drugstore for 5 cents a glass. When in 1886 the state of Atlanta passed a law restricting the sale of any alcohol, Pemberton developed Coca-Cola, which was basically a non-alcoholic version of his earlier invention.

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Microsoft Solitaire, along with Minesweeper, are considered the two most played games in history. They were installed by default in the Windows operating system, and it is estimated that more than 1 billion people have played them at some time. One might think that these games were intended as a pastime for users, but that was not the case.

Microsoft developed Solitaire and Minesweeper not as video games, but as learning tools. They were created with the sole purpose of teaching users how to operate the mouse. Before Windows, operating systems were based on typed commands. Along with the new OS, the mouse was introduced, and although it may sound bizarre today, at that time few people knew how to use it. These games required continuously moving the mouse all over the screen and doing a lot of precise clicking. So now you know, all those hours you spent playing were actually learning a new skill!

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NASA has given mankind numerous cool inventions, from smoke detectors to running shoes. Perhaps one of the most curious, however, is the cordless vacuum cleaner. And no, they were not invented to clean out the dust from spaceships!

In fact, NASA needed a gadget capable of extracting samples from the surface of the Moon, without the astronauts having to bend down all the time —let's face it, their suits aren't the most flexible. So they contacted Black & Decker engineers, who, after some research, produced a handheld vacuum cleaner that worked without wires. Years later, the company used this same technology to manufacture the DustBuster, the first commercial cordless vacuum cleaner, launched in 1979.

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What would be of dinner parties without a corkscrew? This small object has become essential to enjoy a good bottle of wine among friends. But in its beginnings, the corkscrew had a very different use than today. Its origins date back to the 17th century and have a military background.

A 1795 patent indicated they were used for extracting bullets that got stuck inside muskets. And also —why not?— to extract bullets from inside a wound, when they were deeply embedded in the bone or the muscle. It was not until the 18th century when cork stoppers began to be used in wine bottles, that the corkscrew acquired the use it has maintained for more than 200 years.

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It is well known that nowadays blind people use Braille to read. Yet, this system was inspired by another language created some years earlier. In 1815, French army captain Charles Barbier invented the night language, a written alphabet intended to be read with the fingers, completely in the dark. It was actually developed for spies so that they could read coded messages in the middle of the night without being detected by the enemy.

Years later, after completing his military work, it occurred to Charles Barbier that his Alphabet could be used by the blind. But it was not until 1824 that Louis Braille, a 15-year-old who had lost his sight after a childhood accident, developed the tactile writing system that to this day is used by blind people all around the world.