Common misconceptions

Common sense? These 12 well-known "facts" are really just myths

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Many of us have grown up thinking that bats are blind, that we can't go swimming right after lunch, that we only have five senses, or that camels store water in their humps. Wait, do you still believe in any of these things? Don't worry! To prevent you from continuing to spread wrong ideas, we have compiled a list of 12 myths that we all believe to be true but are actually false. Do you dare to question your common sense?

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It’s interesting how some ideas remain common sense for centuries without us questioning their veracity. A great example is the notion that we have only five senses, a concept that was developed by Aristotle more than 2,300 years ago and is still taught today from early childhood.

Fortunately, the advancement of science allows us to better understand the complexity and diversity of the world around us. Today, scientists argue that we have far more than just five senses—anywhere from 20 to 30—including thermoception, pain, hormonal sense, and balance, among many others.

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Contrary to what you may have thought all your life, pure water is not a good conductor of electricity. What really conducts electricity in water are its impurities, such as salts and minerals.

For example, tap water, which contains several dissolved ions, is a good conductor. In contrast, distilled water molecules have no free electrons to transfer an electric current. Hence, when handling electrical appliances near water, the real danger doesn't come from the water itself, but from its impurities.

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This is a typical scene in movies: a tough character taking a swig of some spirit before crossing a snow-covered field as an antidote to the cold. Although it is a widespread idea, it is not something you should imitate.

In fact, alcohol causes your body temperature to drop. Alcohol produces a momentary sensation of warmth by dilating blood vessels and directing blood to the surface of the skin, but before long, the body's core temperature drops, and you feel colder. Did you know that?

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No matter what your parents told you as a child, there is no scientific evidence that swimming after eating is dangerous. The assumption that you should wait at least an hour stems from the idea that after we eat, all the blood travels to the stomach and the body is not able to adequately supply the muscles.

As convincing as this may sound, the truth is that our body manages to maintain muscle work while we digest. In fact, some professional swimmers eat immediately before a competition to have enough energy to perform well.

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One of the most widespread myths in neuroscience is that we only use 10% of our brains. In reality, we use it all, even when we are doing nothing.

This misconception probably arose at the end of the 19th century. Since then, scientists have been able to determine that our entire brain is active thanks to modern neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging. Despite the evidence, popular culture, the media, and even some scholars continue to perpetuate the myth that we only use 10% of our brains. So remember, no matter what you hear out there, your brain is never off; it’s active even when you sleep.

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Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder that occurs when people, usually children or young adults, walk or do other activities while they are still asleep.

Contrary to popular belief, waking a sleepwalker is unlikely to pose a major health risk. Moreover, according to experts, in the event of witnessing someone in such a state, the wise thing to do is to help them back to bed and, if necessary, wake them up.

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Camels can indeed stay hydrated even in the most inhospitable, arid, and hot environments. However, a common misconception is that these animals store water in their humps.

In reality, their humps are filled with fat, which provides them with energy for long distances. So, how do they manage to last up to 10 days without drinking water? The main key lies in their kidneys, which are able to concentrate urine to prevent water loss. In addition, their fur protects them from the ambient heat, preventing perspiration, and the mucosal structure of their nose can retain 66% of the moisture in the air.

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Knuckle cracking is a common habit. You might have noticed that many people do it, often without giving it much thought. For others, that characteristic popping sound raises concerns about its impact on health, such as its possible link to arthritis.

However, there is no conclusive scientific evidence that the manipulation of joints is associated with the development of arthritis. Numerous studies have found no correlation between knuckle cracking and chronic joint inflammation. In fact, this habit is usually harmless and is often simply a way to release tension.

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Setting your phone to airplane mode when boarding a flight seems like common sense. You wouldn't be crazy to think that your phone's signal could interfere with an airplane's navigation systems, potentially causing a disaster. However, the need for airplane mode is largely a myth.

There is actually no evidence that a cell phone has ever interfered with aircraft systems. The real reason airlines don't allow phone communications in the air is to avoid disturbing noises. Let's be honest, the majority of travelers probably prefer the silence anyway.

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Bats hunt in the dark by echolocation, which means they use self-produced sound echoes that bounce off objects to help them navigate. But that doesn't mean that they can't see.

Bats are not blind at all; in fact, they have pretty good vision. Although they can't see as well as humans, they can see better than many mammals —they can distinguish shapes, contrasts, and some colors. So, despite their nocturnal habits and the many popular sayings we like to repeat, bats have pretty good eyesight.

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We're sorry to be the ones to debunk this myth, but it's time you knew that gravity exists everywhere in the universe. The term "zero gravity" is often used to describe the conditions experienced by astronauts in space, but it's a bit misleading, as gravity is never truly zero.

The more correct term to describe the phenomenon experienced by astronauts when they are on the International Space Station, for example, would be "microgravity".

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Fictional characters such as Winnie the Pooh helped fuel this myth. While it is true that it’s common to see bears eating honey, it is the bees and larvae they are really interested in.

While honey alone provides them with some vitamins, minerals, and calories, such as sugar, the insects found inside the beehives give them the protein they need to stay strong.

Kick-off your vocabulary

In the limelight: 10 show-biz idioms and expressions explained

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It should come as no surprise that the entertainment world has spawned an exceptional number of idioms and expressions that we use in our daily lives. After all, artists are an endless source of creative ideas. Phrases from the radio, the circus, theater, cinema, and television have remained in the memory of English speakers expanding our vocabulary to no end. In this article, we’ll uncover the origin of 10 expressions that showbiz has gifted us for our sole entertainment. Join us!

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This is probably the most popular idiom derived from the performing arts. To hope somebody breaks a leg may sound negative but in fact means you want them to have good luck, usually when it refers to stage actors or musicians. Some historians believe the expression originates from the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln who was shot at Ford’s Theater in 1865. His murderer, a renowned Shakespearean actor called John Wilkes Booth, is said to have broken his leg while trying to escape.

The claim that the saying arose as a form of black humor in relation to this event is probably wrong. In fact, the phrase was in use centuries before that. In theater, actors measured the success of a performance by the number of times an audience called them back for applause. Each time the curtain was reopened they bowed, and the more often that happened the greater the chance of "breaking a leg".

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Over the years Hollywood has given us a good sample of blonde bombshells: Marilyn Monroe, Mae West, Jayne Mansfield, Marlene Dietrich, just to name a few. But do you know where this expression originated? Nowadays, a blonde bombshell is an expression used to describe any attractive blonde lady, usually a singer or film star.

However, the original blonde bombshell was American actress Jean Harlow, known for her portrayal of "bad girl" characters and star of the 1933 film Bombshell. When the film was released in the UK, producers changed its title to Blonde Bombshell as they worried it might be perceived as a war film. The expression immediately became popular on both sides of the pond.

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An old chestnut usually refers to a stale joke or story, something that has been repeated too many times. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the origin of the saying dates back to an 1816 play called The Broken Sword. One of the characters often repeats the same joke about a cork tree, with slight variations each time. Another character, Pablo, interrupts and says, "It’s a chestnut. I have heard you tell the joke 27 times and it’s a chestnut."

But the story doesn’t end there. Years later, an American actor called William Warren, who had played the part of Pablo in the melodrama, was at a society event when another guest began to recite an old, worn-out joke. Warren, bored to tears, interrupted and said, "It’s an old chestnut, that’s what it is", much to the amusement of everybody there. News of the incident spread amongst their acquaintances and beyond and that is how the expression is still alive and kicking to this day.

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Face the music is a popular idiom used to express that we have to accept responsibility and be confronted with the unpleasant consequences of our actions. It has two possible origins. The first one has to do with theater and refers to nervous actors on opening nights when they have to go out on stage and quite literally "face the music", as the orchestra pit sits directly in front of them.

The second explanation, on the other hand, is related to the military. It suggests that a dishonorable discharge results in the disgraced soldier being marched off barracks to the sound of drummers playing, in which case he too has to "face the music".

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As fit as a fiddle is used to indicate a person is in very good health. A fiddle is a stringed musical instrument, a forerunner of the violin. As you can imagine, this idiom has its origins in music, but also in theater.

The earliest reference to the expression has been traced to William Haughton's 1597 stage play Englishmen for My Money: "This is excellent, i’faith; as fit as a fiddle." Back in the days of medieval court, the word fiddle applied not only to the instrument but also to the fiddler and, by extension, to an entertainer. It is possible, therefore, that the phrase describes the fiddler, a vivacious character who made the company merry and played his instru­ment throughout the crowds, which makes a lot more sense.

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Jumping the shark is a phrase used in showbiz to describe a good television show that is experiencing a decline in quality and has reached a point at which flashy scenes are included just for show. This has been the case with many classic comedies, which ran for too many seasons and at some point started repeating themselves.

Happy Days was one of the greatest sitcoms of the 1970s. Americans across the country were captivated by the adventures of Richie Cunningham and his family until the writing became tired and viewers started to switch off. The final straw was a scene in which The Fonz —Henry Winkler— is waterskiing in his leather jacket and boots and literally jumps over a shark. For many critics that scene marked the end of the show and the beginning of a long-run expression we still use today.

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According to Cambridge Dictionary, to play it by ear means "to decide how to deal with a situation as it develops, rather than acting according to plans made earlier". As you probably have guessed, this is a musical expression and can be traced back to the days before recording equipment was available to everyone.

Before the 1870s, when Thomas Edison invented the first sound recording and reproduction devices, musicians had to play music without reference to a written score. The way they had to learn a given piece of music was literally, playing by ear. The concept of ear to refer to musical talent was already in use since the 16th century, but the broader meaning we give today to the idiom play it by ear didn’t appear until the mid-19th century.

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Don't you hate it when someone steals your thunder? But, did you ever stop to think what thunders have to do with upstaging someone and taking the credit properly belonging to someone else? Believe it or not, this is a story that dates back to the early 1700s, the golden era of Elizabethan theater.

The expression was first coined by the playwright and critic John Dennis, who invented a method of simulating the sound of thunder for his unsuccessful play Appius and Virginia. Shortly after, he attended a performance of Macbeth and, to his dismay, he discovered his groundbreaking sound effect was being used without his permission. According to documents of the time, Dennis wrote a review stating: "See what rascals they are. They will not run my play and yet they steal my thunder."

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The meaning we give today to the expression back to square one is "to be back where one started with a project or plan". However, its literal meaning goes back to the glory days when television had not yet been invented and radio was the greatest form of entertainment.

In the 1930s, soccer and rugby fans could follow matches broadcasted by the BBC with the help of a printed plan of the pitch divided into squares. Commentators would murmur "Square five" or "Square three" as the ball moved about the field. Playing the ball back to square one meant losing maximum territorial advantage and, therefore, meant "back to the beginning".

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Whenever something bad happens we use this phrase to give us courage, to remind us that we must carry on no matter what. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the show must go on is "used to say that a performance, event, etc., must continue even though there are problems". Its origin is not entirely clear but its connection to the entertainment world is evident.

One theory indicates that the phrase was first coined in the 19th-century circuses, where incidents involving lost animals and performers suffering from injuries were commonplace. In these circles, the audience was more important than anything else, so regardless of what happened, the show would not be canceled. With time, the expression became widespread and is now used for any kind of situation, from theater and the hotel business to a birthday party.