10 rare languages still spoken across the U.S. that are worth saving

Across the United States, many Indigenous languages are spoken by fewer people each year. These examples show how language loss often happens quietly, over generations. Learning about them helps explain important parts of American history that are rarely discussed but still shape communities today. Keep reading to discover 10 languages you probably didn’t know existed.

Today, only a small number of people can still speak Chinook fluently. This language is associated with Indigenous communities of the Pacific Northwest, particularly along the Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington.

In the 19th century, Chinook played an important role in regional communication, especially through Chinook Jargon, a simplified trade language used by Native peoples, settlers, and traders. During the early 20th century, the use of English increased in schools, government, and business, which reduced the everyday use of Chinook. Linguists now classify the language as critically endangered, although dictionaries, recordings, and community teaching programs are available to support learning and preservation.

For much of the 1800s, Comanche was spoken across large areas of present-day Texas, Oklahoma, and surrounding states. It is the traditional language of the Comanche Nation, whose communities were widely distributed across the Southern Plains. They call themselves Nu-muu or Numunuu, meaning "The People" or "Our People."

Historical records show that Comanche was used in daily life, trade, and community communication. During the 20th century, English became more common in schools and public settings, and fewer children learned it at home. By the late 1900s, most fluent speakers were older adults. Today, Comanche is classified as severely endangered, and preservation efforts include language classes, recorded lessons, and educational materials designed for younger tribal members.

This is the traditional language of the Menominee people, a Native American tribe whose homeland is in present-day Wisconsin. The name Menominee comes from an Algonquian word meaning "wild rice people," given by neighboring tribes because wild rice was a vital food source for them.

Historical sources show that Menominee was used regularly in homes and community life into the early 1900s. As English became dominant, fewer families passed the language on to children. By the late 20th century, only a small number of fluent speakers remained. Today, Menominee is classified as critically endangered, but language immersion schools, adult classes, and community-led programs are actively working to increase everyday use among younger generations.

The Osage language belongs to the Osage Nation, whose people historically lived in parts of present-day Missouri and Arkansas before relocating to Oklahoma. Written and oral records indicate that Osage was commonly spoken in daily life through the early 20th century. Today, the language is often considered very vulnerable, meaning it is still spoken but at risk. Preservation efforts include a standardized writing system introduced in the 2000s, language classes, and educational programs organized by the Osage Nation to support new speakers.

Spoken among Pawnee communities in what is now Nebraska and later in Oklahoma, historical accounts show that this language was still in regular use in the early 1900s. The name "Pawnee" likely comes from a word like Pariki or Pani, meaning "horn," referencing the tribe's distinctive hairstyle where a scalp-lock was stiffened to stand up like a horn

By the middle of the 20th century, English had largely replaced Pawnee in homes, schools, and public settings. Today, it’s classified as critically endangered, with only a small number of fluent speakers. Audio recordings, written dictionaries, and grammar descriptions are now key resources for language classes and community-led education efforts.

The traditional territory of the Tolowa people is northwestern California, close to the border with Oregon. The name "Tolowa" comes from a Yurok/Wiyot term, Taa-laa-welh, meaning "people of Lake Earl," referring to their ancestral lands. However, the Tolowa people's own name for themselves is Dee-ni', meaning "person" or "citizen."

Their language was used in everyday life well into the 19th century, but by the late 20th century, census data and linguistic surveys indicate that only a small number of fluent speakers remain. Today, Tolowa is classified as critically endangered, though tribal organizations have partnered with universities and language specialists to record vocabulary, oral histories, and pronunciation, creating resources that can be used in the future.

The Washo are the Indigenous people of the Lake Tahoe region and the surrounding Great Basin/Sierra Nevada, known for their famous basketry. Their language was commonly spoken up to the early 20th century. As formal education in English became more widespread, fewer children learned Washo at home, and daily use declined over time.

Today, Washo is classified as severely endangered. Preservation efforts include language classes, written dictionaries, and audio recordings that are used by community members to support learning and maintain use of the language.

Wintu refers to a group of related languages traditionally spoken in northern California, mainly in areas around the Sacramento River and nearby regions. Historical accounts show that these languages were actively used by native communities throughout the 1800s. During the 20th century, however, the number of fluent speakers declined steadily, and by the late 1900s, only a few remained.

Today, Wintu languages are classified as critically endangered. Most of what is known about them comes from written documentation and audio recordings created by linguists and Wintu tribal members, which are now used for teaching.

Yuchi is unusual because it is not closely related to most other Native languages in the southeastern United States, making it linguistically distinct. It was traditionally spoken in areas that are now Georgia, Tennessee, and Alabama, and later in Oklahoma after forced relocations in the 19th century.

During the 20th century, the number of speakers declined. Today, Yuchi is classified as critically endangered, with only a small number of fluent speakers remaining. Current teaching programs aim to introduce basic vocabulary and everyday conversation to younger community members so the language can continue to be learned and used.

Yokuts is a family of related Indigenous languages traditionally spoken by different communities across California’s Central Valley. Each community had its own variety, which explains why Yokuts is described as a language family rather than a single language.

During the 20th century, several of these varieties stopped being spoken entirely as younger generations shifted to English. Other Yokuts varieties still exist but are spoken by only a small number of people, often older adults. For this reason, linguists classify most Yokuts languages as critically endangered. Written notes, audio recordings, and word lists collected by researchers and community members in the early and mid-1900s are now essential resources for teaching and preservation.

Athletics and vocabulary

Game on! These 10 idioms and terms come from the world of sports!

The world of sports is definitely ripe with unique terms and idioms. Not only that, but some of these words eventually make their way into our wider vocabulary. Have you ever stopped to think about how many sports idioms we use in our daily lives? In any case, we've decided to take some time to analyze 10 sports terms and what they truly mean. Maybe, with a bit of luck, we can finally understand what makes these idioms so unique. What we can guarantee, though, is that we’ll have fun in the process. Enjoy!

We’ll start with one of the most baffling sports terms: have you ever wondered why a score of 0 in tennis is called "love"? This word has been synonymous with zero since the 1800s, and the reason for this is that the English word "love" sounds phonetically similar to "l’oeuf," which in French means "the egg," a common metaphor for the number zero.

The story behind the idiom "to have something in the bag," which means certain victory or success in a specific situation, comes from the world of baseball—more specifically, from the New York Giants, a team that played in the Big Apple during the 1910s. This team had a good luck tradition of taking away their ball bag whenever the Giants were in the lead, as this symbolized that victory was metaphorically "in the bag."

This one is rather self-explanatory: who doesn’t know what a home run is or where it comes from? Regardless, it is perhaps the quintessential sports term. We often describe a particularly successful meeting as "a home run." When you think about it, it makes perfect sense—the feeling of watching a baseball fly out of the stadium is the perfect representation of what great success feels like.

The phrase "off the clock" is commonly used to describe times when we are not working. It can refer to downtime or be used to remind someone that you are now in your personal time. In a similar sense, the world of swimming uses this phrase as well. Swimmers all around the world describe a swim that is not being timed as off the clock, and for the love of the sport.

In the world of tennis, an ace is one of the most difficult and satisfying points you can score. This term describes when a player wins a point with only their serve. As you would expect, "acing" something means doing an extremely good job in a particularly stressful situation. For instance, you can ace a job interview, an assignment, or a difficult exam.

Let’s continue with one of the most adorable sports terms out there. For such a demanding and stressful sport, golf definitely has some of the most rewarding names for a high score. Case in point: whenever you score one stroke under par, that shot is known as a "birdie." Not only that, it’s followed by an "eagle" (two under par) and the even rarer "albatross" (three under par).

In soccer, a "hat-trick" occurs when one player scores three goals in a match. The term actually originated in 1858 cricket, when a bowler was awarded a physical hat for taking three wickets in a row. The accomplishment was seen as a rare, impressive "trick" worth rewarding. Today, this "magical" idiom is a staple of soccer, hockey, and even baseball lore.

While resistance and stamina are also essential, some boxers make their name in this sport thanks to their speed and cat-like reflexes. These boxers usually live by the simple truth of hitting the other fighter before they hit them, living up to the phrase held as a sacred text by boxers everywhere: "You need to beat your opponent to the punch." As you would expect, this idiom is now synonymous with reaching an objective or goal before someone else.

In American football, an audible is an often-improvised call that changes or replaces the previously planned play. As you would expect, the term "to call an audible" comes from this practice. It describes completely improvising a solution on the spur of the moment, without major certainty about whether the decision will be beneficial or not.

Horse racing is definitely a short but exciting sport. There’s a reason why the Kentucky Derby is widely known as "the most exciting two minutes in sports." In that sense, the outcome of this fast-paced sport is often decided at the very last minute. These races are commonly characterized as "down to the wire," in reference to the wire stretched across the finish line. Nowadays, those of us who are not fortunate enough to be involved in horse racing still use this expression to describe everyday situations that are resolved at the last second.