From the Big Ben to the Big Apple

10 Differences Between American And British English

Image: Nick Fewings

Picture in your mind a conversation between a New Yorker, someone raised in the American Midwest, and someone from the Deep South. You can probably imagine a rich tapestry of accents, regional variations, and idiomatic expressions. All within the borders of the United States. Now, the Atlantic Ocean is vast. Over time, American English and its counterpart from across the pond have grown apart, sometimes evolving in completely different ways. From pronunciation and vocabulary to spelling, here are 10 differences between American and British English.

Image: Diana Polekhina

Most of the words that end in -our in British English are spelled -or in American English. You'll find examples in words like flavor, armor, and color. These are words of Latin origin that have found their way into English either directly or through some intermediary, particularly French.

For some time, both variations were widely accepted. However, when the time came to make a final decision, Americans decided to stick closer to the original Latin spelling of the words, while the British favored a more French-influenced spelling, keeping the extra u.

Image: Jon Tyson

In Old English, the suffix -weard was used to specify direction, and it's the origin of words such as toward, forward, backward, etc. However, in a quirk of language that has stumped linguists for years, for every -ward word there is a -wards counterpart with the same meaning.

There's no consensus regarding where the extra s came from, but -wards has been the preferred British spelling since at least the 20th century, while most American writers agree that it's unetymological.

Image: Diomari Madulara

British speakers call zed what Americans call zee. It seems that Americans chose the latter pronunciation because of its similarity to bee, cee, dee, etc. But, when it comes to the letter z, the differences run deeper than just naming conventions.

Most verbs that end in -ize in American English are spelled -ise in British English. In a similar fashion to the -or/-our words, both spellings were once accepted until American 20th-century dictionaries standardized the -ize spelling. Apparently, the British then decided to keep the -ise termination as a matter of national identity.

Image: Jad Limcaco

In words like center, fiber, and theater, British writers prefer to use the -re termination, again influenced by their French neighbors. In these cases, Americans showed their practicality and chose a spelling that better reflects the way these words are pronounced with an American accent.

As we saw in previous entries, it wasn't until very recently that these norms were formalized. The pattern of favoring the -er termination in American English solidified itself with the 19th-century publication of Webster's Dictionary.

Image: Gilly

We step out of the realm of spelling quirks and dive into the world of diverging vocabulary with a well-known classic: Open a bag of Lay's in the UK and they'll call them crisps. However, ask for chips and they'll serve you fries.

To add to the confusion, some British speakers accept the term fries, but consider fries and British chips to be different products, based on the thickness of the cut. In any case, we would rather put the matter to rest and agree that any and all fried potato varieties are delicious, whatever you choose to call them.

Image: Hernan Lucio

Generally speaking, flat is a British term, while apartment is an American term. They both refer to a housing unit that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story.

However, for some speakers, there's further distinction: the word apartment is reserved for more luxurious units, sometimes occupying more than one floor; while flat applies to more economical apartments, exclusively arranged on a single level–hence the name.

Image: Robert Gramner

Another classic example when it comes to the differences between British and American English, this one could cause some embarrassment if it catches you off guard. In the UK, the word pants refers to underwear, particularly boxer shorts. For pants, they use the word trousers.

Pants is the shortened form of pantaloons, which itself derives from Pantaloon, the name of a stock character in Italian theater. Pantaloon had skinny legs and wore long pants to cover them. Trousers, on the other hand, comes from trews, a form of traditional men's garment from the Scottish Highlands.

Image: Rémi Müller

The source of endless battles among English speakers, football means two completely different things for American and British audiences. The debate around the nature of true football is heated, and it involves quite a bit of national pride. As a matter of fact, both sports are related: They share a common ancestor, and football is their last name.

Soccer is derived from association, and association football is the full name of the sport. In the UK, it's called just football. It's extremely popular worldwide and, since 2009, the UEFA Champion's League men's final has been the most watched sports event in the world.

Outside the United States, most English-speaking countries refer to the sport played during Super Bowl Sunday as American football. The term gridiron football is also sometimes used, albeit seldomly, based on the characteristic marks on the playing field.

Image: Matt

Both autumn and fall are used to refer to the season between summer and winter in which leaves fall and pumpkin spice lattes blossom. However, autumn is much preferred for British speakers, while Americans usually refer to it as fall.

Both terms are quite common and, even if it's just from hearing it in movies, most people in the UK will understand if you use the word fall to talk about the season, even if it takes a few tries.

Image: Jan Kahánek

This might come as a surprise, but British and American speakers have different terms for that little dot that marks the end of a sentence. The period, as it's called in America, is referred to as a full stop across the pond. It's one of those unexpected differences between these two branches of English, and one that can actually hinder fluid communication if you are not aware of it.

Even if it's not immediately understood as the name of the punctuation mark, the word period, as an interjection meaning "that's all," is slowly winning territory in British everyday language.

Space fauna

Astronaut animals: The exciting adventures of 10 creatures sent to space

Image: Hester Qiang

Long before Neil Armstrong took his giant leap for mankind, Earth had already launched a small army of unexpected explorers into the great unknown. Tiny insects, brave dogs, and even a cat with a heart of steel all played their part in humanity’s quest to reach the stars. They weren’t astronauts in shiny suits, but living test pilots whose journeys helped scientists learn how breathing, eating, and simply existing might change without gravity. Join us to discover the stories of 10 extraordinary creatures that helped pave the road to space.

Image: JerzyGórecki

The very first travelers to leave our planet weren’t humans or even mammals, but fruit flies. In 1947, aboard a U.S. V-2 rocket, these tiny pioneers soared about 68 miles above Earth, crossing the invisible boundary between us and space. Scientists wanted to know how cosmic radiation might affect living beings, and to everyone’s surprise, the flies came back safe and sound. Their mission was short, but it marked the very first proof that life could survive a trip beyond our atmosphere. Not too shabby for creatures better known for buzzing around the kitchen fruit bowl!

Image: Aaron Baw

Meet Albert II, the pioneer who proved that even a small monkey could make history. In 1949, this brave male rhesus macaque rode a U.S. rocket 83 miles above Earth, becoming the very first primate—and first mammal—to cross into space. His mission lasted only minutes, but it offered priceless information about how living bodies respond to extreme altitude and near-weightlessness. Although scientists carefully tracked his pulse, breathing, and movements, Albert died upon landing. His courage, nevertheless, didn’t go unnoticed.

Image: Max Kleinen

Years before humans ever circled the globe, the Soviet Union roamed the streets of Moscow looking for its first space traveler. They finally found Laika, a gentle, stray dog with big eyes and a calm spirit. In 1957, she boarded Sputnik 2 and became the first living being to orbit Earth, gazing down on the planet from hundreds of miles above. Though her journey was brief, her bravery left a lasting mark. Laika went on to become a symbol of courage and curiosity, inspiring dreamers, scientists, and explorers of every kind, both on two legs and four.

Image: Markus Spiske

Imagine a space capsule gliding above Earth with a chimpanzee wearing a miniature spacesuit inside, calmly flipping switches like a pro. That was Ham, NASA’s first chimp to truly pilot a spacecraft. In 1961, his flight aboard Mercury-Redstone 2 sought to prove that a living being could stay focused and respond to instructions even while floating weightless. Ham’s quick thinking and steady nerves impressed scientists everywhere and made him a celebrity overnight. For a minute, he was America’s coolest astronaut!

Image: AlemCoksa

A cat in space? Oui, indeed! In the autumn of 1963, France made history by sending Félicette, a small black-and-white stray cat, on a pioneering 13-minute journey beyond Earth’s atmosphere. Carefully selected from a group of feline candidates, she was fitted with delicate electrodes designed to record her brain activity and vital signs as she ascended skyward. During her brief but extraordinary voyage, scientists on Earth monitored every heartbeat. Against all odds, she returned safely, landing back on her home planet with quiet poise. Félicette became not only the first but also the only cat ever to venture into space.

Image: Shafiqul Islam

No rush, no panic, but calm, deliberate space travel at its finest. In 1968, two humble steppe tortoises from the Soviet Union became unlikely pioneers of cosmic exploration when they were placed aboard the spacecraft Zond 5, bound for a historic lunar orbit. While humans were still dreaming of walking on the Moon, these patient reptiles were already circling it, gliding silently through the vastness of space inside their small capsule. For seven days, they endured the journey without complaint, adapting to microgravity with the quiet resilience that defines their kind. When Zond 5 finally returned to Earth, the tortoises were found alive and in good health.

Image: Ray Hennessy

Imagine being rocketed into orbit only to end up dizzy and nauseous. That was the fate of two unsuspecting bullfrogs in 1970. NASA, ever curious about how living creatures handle the unusual conditions, sent the amphibious pair into space to study how balance functions without gravity’s pull. As the frogs tumbled and twirled in their tiny capsule, scientists were able to learn how the inner ear adjusts when "up" and "down" no longer exist. It might have been a disorienting ride for the frogs, but it turned out to be a ribbiting leap forward for science!

Image: Rafael Garcin

A web with no spatial sense? That was the mystery NASA set out to explore in 1973 when two pioneering spiders, Arabella and Anita, hitched a ride aboard Skylab. Their mission: to prove an arachnid could weave a proper web in the floating world of microgravity. At first, their silken constructions were lopsided and chaotic; yet, the spiders quickly adapted. Within just a few days, they were spinning near-perfect circular webs, as if gravity had never mattered at all.

Image: Sara Kurfeß

In the late 1970s, NASA scientists wanted to observe how aquatic life would behave beyond Earth’s pull. They released a few small fish inside a spacecraft and were surprised to find them "swimming" through the air. With no gravity to anchor them, the fish instinctively paddled their fins as though suspended in an invisible, weightless sea. Their silvery bodies drifted gracefully in slow motion like tiny astronauts in scales. The result was both scientific and poetic: a surreal, floating aquarium quietly orbiting the stars.

Image: malucero

Did you know there’s a creature so resilient it can survive outer space? Tardigrades, affectionately known as "water bears", are microscopic beings capable of withstanding extremes that would destroy almost any other life form. In 2007, scientists exposed them directly to the vacuum of space with no suit, no shield, and no oxygen. The tardigrades endured blistering radiation, freezing temperatures, and complete dehydration. Yet, many of them simply shrugged it off and carried on living. Tough doesn’t even begin to describe these nearly indestructible little astronauts that are probably the hardiest beings not just on Earth, but in the entire universe.